ECEstream: Power Supply

5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

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This regulated power supply can be used to power up TTL and CMOS based projects, it provides 5 VDC & 12 VDC outputs with an onboard mains transformer.  The project is based on the industry popular 7800 series voltage regulator in TO220 packages.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Features:</span></b></div>
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<li>Input: 240 VAC</li>
<li>Output: 5 V, 12 V @ 600 mA regulated low ripple DC voltage</li>
<li>Thermal overload/short circuit protection (provided by IC feature)</li>
<li>Power Battery Terminal (PBT) for easy input and output connection</li>
<li>External On/Off switch connection possible</li>
<li>LED indication for outputs</li>
<li>Four mounting holes of 3.2 mm each</li>
<li>PCB dimensions 87 mm x 49 mm</li>
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<b><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Circuit Diagram:</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjADzqnokPGt3c8UKIf2JiMup7uUuX65RJnMew7PnGv8eEBe3TyQtXU2gNhUyuXX8VEj9OV-hgGNr-vV5nGaDClblW0nz3wl20VKJLpRsegyVlMa5x28JC30i-6a4I1gkIzXuuu9BCh8K62/s1600/5V_12V_Power_Supply.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY" border="0" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjADzqnokPGt3c8UKIf2JiMup7uUuX65RJnMew7PnGv8eEBe3TyQtXU2gNhUyuXX8VEj9OV-hgGNr-vV5nGaDClblW0nz3wl20VKJLpRsegyVlMa5x28JC30i-6a4I1gkIzXuuu9BCh8K62/s640/5V_12V_Power_Supply.png" title="5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY" width="640" /></a></div>
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5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

This regulated power supply can be used to power up TTL and CMOS based projects, it provides 5 VDC & 12 VDC outputs with an onboard ma...

Power Supply

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<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/11/5v-12v-regulated-power-supply.html">5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/dual-regulated-power-supply-unit.html">Dual Regulated Power Supply Unit</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/500w-12v-to-220v-inverter.html">500W 12V to 220V Inverter</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/mini-ups.html">Mini UPS</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/usb-power-booster-for-pc-laptop.html">USB Power Booster for PC / Laptop</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/5v-dc-regulated-power-supply-with-short-circuit-protection.html">5V DC Regulated Power Supply with Short Circuit Protection</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/15-volt-dc-power-supply.html">15 Volt DC Power Supply</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/10/5v-dc-power-supply.html">5V DC Power Supply</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/10/stabilized-power-supply-3-30-v25.html">Stabilized Power Supply ( 3-30 V/2.5 A )</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/06/inverter-circuit-100-watt.html">Inverter Circuit ( 100 Watt )</a></li>
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<img alt="Power Supply Board" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU5XvIu8DoA_qS2z3hLN2oPfqX9eKso51twLbYeteG_yu09pclFNIWwWQHNIQdsZVsnwlL0Bf9gAcNsWDuA7DHVnboSkyasMI76D2gIXCOQLt5_TQ322x6Lfyv0ns_KP5lSTi9dC9efUFb/s1600/power+supply.gif" title="Power Supply Board" /></div>
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Power Supply

5V & 12V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY Dual Regulated Power Supply Unit 500W 12V to 220V Inverter Mini UPS USB Power Booster for PC / ...

Dual Regulated Power Supply Unit

Dual Regulated Power Supply Unit

In this circuit, the 7815 regulates the positive supply, and the 7915 regulates the negative supply. The transformer should have a primary...

500W 12V to 220V Inverter

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This is a 500W DC-to-AC inverter circuit diagram which produces an AC output at line frequency and voltage. 12VDC to 220V 50Hz inverter circuit will power 220V or 110V appliances from 12V car battery. The circuit is easy to make and is low cost. Use proper transformer. The output (in watts) is up to you by selecting different power rating transformer and power transistor rating. If you load electronic device which require 120V AC, then use transformer with 120V in output.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2hs2pqe2-rdRV000KRxyE8FbBUs-ChOcxSwSe8AiNM_daf0vgUvfwNL0_owboxBHEKxDdfh6pFVhKdAJRVcBGYPiQLrCMGje606JInkHLD8EPiFBaiiUwlMfK_0Mg6yBGT5SXxuRoFBEr/s1600/500w-12v-to-220v-inverter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="500W-12V-to-220V-Inverter-ecestream" border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2hs2pqe2-rdRV000KRxyE8FbBUs-ChOcxSwSe8AiNM_daf0vgUvfwNL0_owboxBHEKxDdfh6pFVhKdAJRVcBGYPiQLrCMGje606JInkHLD8EPiFBaiiUwlMfK_0Mg6yBGT5SXxuRoFBEr/s1600/500w-12v-to-220v-inverter.jpg" title="500W 12V to 220V Inverter" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Figure: 500W Inverter</i></b></div>
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500W 12V to 220V Inverter

This is a 500W DC-to-AC inverter circuit diagram which produces an AC output at line frequency and voltage. 12VDC to 220V 50Hz inverter ci...

Mini UPS

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcHiyQI-C-nP9dAX8xE5bF0HTwzZFN4y8E4yVooICJdUO-8wr9oIaQGTF9omMqw_Cxh6fKkwWJVHn3Ci3fGBUGnYa7D_pLNsF7pzt9enyoSY19v1TxJar62zf7Ytpc2z8bUP97nc5sF_db/s1600/Mini-UPS-circuit-diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Mini UPS Power Electronic Circuit-ecestream" border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcHiyQI-C-nP9dAX8xE5bF0HTwzZFN4y8E4yVooICJdUO-8wr9oIaQGTF9omMqw_Cxh6fKkwWJVHn3Ci3fGBUGnYa7D_pLNsF7pzt9enyoSY19v1TxJar62zf7Ytpc2z8bUP97nc5sF_db/s1600/Mini-UPS-circuit-diagram.jpg" title="Mini UPS Power Electronic Circuit" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Mini UPS Power Circuit</i></b></div>
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This circuit can provide an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to operate 12V, 9V and 5V DC-powered instruments at up to 1A current. The backup battery will take up the load with no spikes or delay when the mains electrical power gets interrupted. It could possibly also be utilized as a workbench power supply that delivers 12V, 9V and 5V operating voltages. The circuit instantly disconnects the load when the battery voltage decreases to 10.5V to avoid deep discharge of your battery. LED1 indication is presented to indicate the complete charge voltage level of the battery. Miniature white <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LEDs</a> (LED2 and LED3) are utilized as emergency lamps especially during electrical power failure at night time.</div>
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A common step-down transformer delivers 12V of AC, that is rectified by diodes D1 and D2. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/capacitor.html" target="_blank">Capacitor</a> C1 features ripple-free DC to charge the battery and to the remaining circuit. When the mains electrical power is on, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/p-n-junction-diode.html" target="_blank">diode</a> D3 gets forward biased to charge the battery. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/resistor.html" target="_blank">Resistor</a> R1 limits the charging current. Potentiometer VR1 (10k) with <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistor</a> T1 acts as being the voltage comparator to indicate the voltage level. VR1 is so adjusted that LED1 is in the ‘off’ mode. when the battery is completely charged, LED1 glows indicating a maximum voltage level of 12V.</div>
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When the mains power fails, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/p-n-junction-diode.html" target="_blank">diode</a> D3 gets reverse biased and D4 gets forward biased so that the battery can automatically take up the load without any delay. When the battery voltage or input voltage falls below 10.5V, a cut-off circuit is used to prevent deep discharging of the battery. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/resistor.html" target="_blank">Resistor</a> R3, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/zener-diode.html" target="_blank">zener diode</a> ZD1 (10.5V) and transistor T2 form the cut-off circuit. When the voltage level is above 10.5V, transistor T2 conducts and its base becomes negative (as set by R3, VR2 and ZD1). But when the voltage reduces below 10.5V, the zener diode stops conduction and the base voltage of <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistor</a> T2 becomes positive. It goes into the ‘cut-off’ mode and prevents the current in the output stage. Preset VR2 (22k) adjusts the voltage below 0.6V to make T2 work if the voltage is above 10.5V.</div>
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When power from the mains is available, all output voltages—12V, 9V and 5V—are ready to run the load. On the other hand, when the mains power is down, output voltages can run the load only when the battery is fully charged (as indicated by LED1). For the partially charged battery, only 9V and 5V are available. Also, no output is available when the voltage goes below 10.5V. If battery voltage varies between 10.5V and 13V, output at terminal A may also vary between 10.5V and 12V, when the UPS system is in battery mode. Outputs at points B and C provide 9V and 5V, respectively, through <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">voltage regulator</a> ICs (IC1 and IC2), while output A provides 12V through the <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/zener-diode.html" target="_blank">zener diode</a>. The emergency lamp uses two ultra-bright white <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LEDs</a> (LED2 and LED3) with current limiting <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/resistor.html" target="_blank">resistors</a> R5 and R6. The lamp can be manually switched ‘on’ and ‘off’ by S1.</div>
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The circuit is assembled on a general purpose PCB. There is adequate space between the components to avoid overlapping. heat sinks for transistor T2 and regulator ICs (<a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/fixed-voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">7809</a> and <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/fixed-voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">7805</a>) to dissipate heat are used.</div>
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The positive and negative rails should be strong enough to handle high current. Before connecting the circuit to the battery and transformer, connect it to a variable power supply. Provide 12V DC and adjust VR1 till LED1 glows. After setting the high voltage level, reduce the voltage to 10.5V and adjust VR2 till the output trips off. After the settings are complete, remove the variable power supply and connect a fully-charged battery to the terminals and see that LED1 is on. After making all the adjustments connect the circuit to the battery and transformer. The battery used in the circuit is a 12V, 4.5Ah UPS battery.</div>
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Mini UPS

Mini UPS Power Circuit This circuit can provide an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to operate 12V, 9V and 5V DC-powered instruments...

USB Power Booster for PC / Laptop

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpgQlZyGsLkQmQjzRKjVNBKGcUfHeVJIQoGFOZBROWEdGZNWPbYV1YgN5h2nL0T-b8_WfE8Vh3vl8yc41A798R8jn1CDvCfdj35_ba1ufrgbdhNflJT066tOcpflckLFlSl3H-LuhRkcC/s1600/USB-Power-Booster-Circuit-Diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="USB Power Booster Circuit Diagram-ecestream" border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpgQlZyGsLkQmQjzRKjVNBKGcUfHeVJIQoGFOZBROWEdGZNWPbYV1YgN5h2nL0T-b8_WfE8Vh3vl8yc41A798R8jn1CDvCfdj35_ba1ufrgbdhNflJT066tOcpflckLFlSl3H-LuhRkcC/s1600/USB-Power-Booster-Circuit-Diagram.jpg" title="USB Power Booster Circuit Diagram" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Figure: USB Power Booster Circuit Diagram</i></b></div>
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This is the circuit diagram of USB power booster, expecially to strength the power capability of USB port from PC / laptop / notebook. USB from PC can supply only a limited power to the external devices connected through its USB port, when too many devices are connected simultaneously, there is a possibility of power shortage. Therefore an external power source has to be added to power the external devices.</div>
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<img alt="MOC2031 Pin Configuration-ecestream" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYw0wuAn60DzRWgpwbymzFG78SC5Aoc3D_nlZAupHt61qATB9iRiKwoLXNgIOimshcZqp7GqAvW82kmoHS2Q2ZYXfrIffQYfzRVhQottsuLfSarabBHOM1oTOwN_YdGyvEKFpd48CbmvHw/s1600/MOC2031-Pin-Configuration.jpg" title="MOC2031 Pin Configuration" /></div>
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<b><i>Figure: MOC2031 Pin Configuration</i></b></div>
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In USB, two different types of connectors are used: type A and type B. The circuit presented here is an add-on unit, designed to add more power to a USB supply line (type-A). When power signal from the PC (+5V) is received through socket A, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a>1 glows, opto-diac IC1 conducts and <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/triac.html" target="_blank">TRIAC</a>1 is triggered, resulting in availability of mains supply from the primary of transformer X1. Now transformer X1 delivers 12 V at its secondary, which is rectified by a bridge rectifier comprising <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/p-n-junction-diode.html" target="_blank">diodes</a> D1 through D4 and filtered by <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/capacitor.html" target="_blank">capacitor</a> C2.</div>
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Regulator IC <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/fixed-voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">7805</a> is used to stabilise the rectified DC. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/capacitor.html" target="_blank">Capacitor</a> C3 at the output of the regulator bypasses the ripples present in the rectified DC output. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a>1 indicates the status of the USB power booster circuit.</div>
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Construct the circuit on a general purpose PCB and mount in a suitable box. Bring out the +5V, ground and data points in the type-A socket. Connect the data cables as assigned in the circuit and the USB power booster is ready to use.</div>
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USB Power Booster for PC / Laptop

Figure: USB Power Booster Circuit Diagram This is the circuit diagram of USB power booster, expecially to strength the power capabil...

5V DC Regulated Power Supply with Short Circuit Protection

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdaC1SIp05inKvHqSZEQuKj4_nS3O9rgovRIqkSYbQM84F4htYLK8KTb-Cd_XYJc6CFKZPLU37-Y1LBfaS83TxnKoR5FSWZ9M-mO0ezrJY6eNa6J74XGXcjp8NNCJJrVFpk-YMKLz8iU5s/s1600/5vdc-power-supply-circuit-diagram-featured-short-circuit-protection.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="5vdc power supply circuit diagram featured short circuit protection-ecestream" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdaC1SIp05inKvHqSZEQuKj4_nS3O9rgovRIqkSYbQM84F4htYLK8KTb-Cd_XYJc6CFKZPLU37-Y1LBfaS83TxnKoR5FSWZ9M-mO0ezrJY6eNa6J74XGXcjp8NNCJJrVFpk-YMKLz8iU5s/s1600/5vdc-power-supply-circuit-diagram-featured-short-circuit-protection.jpg" title="5vdc power supply circuit diagram featured short circuit protection" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Figure: 5vdc power supply circuit diagram featured short circuit protection</i></b></div>
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This is the circuit diagram of 5V DC <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2015/03/regulated-dc-power-supplies.html" target="_blank">regulated power supply</a> which featured with short circuit protection system. There are 2 kind of output that are regulated 5V DC with short circuit protection and without circuit protection. The main circuit is protected from any damage due to short-circuit in the additional power supply circuit by cutting off the derived supply voltage. The derived supply voltage restores automatically when shorting is removed. An indicator <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a> is utilized to show whether short-circuit exists or not.</div>
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<b>Power Supply Block:</b></div>
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This circuit works just like the ordinary DC power supply adapter, in the main power supply circuit, 230V AC from main home electric source is stepped down by transformer X1 (230V AC primary to 0-9V, 300mA secondary), then rectified by a full-wave rectifier comprising <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/p-n-junction-diode.html" target="_blank">diodes</a> D1 through D4 with bridge arrangement (you may use a single bridge <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/p-n-junction-diode.html" target="_blank">diode</a>), filtered by <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/capacitor.html" target="_blank">capacitor</a> C1 and regulated by IC <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/fixed-voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">7805</a> to give regulated 5V DC output (O/P1).</div>
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<b>Short-Circuit Protection Block:</b></div>
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<a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">Transistors</a> SK100 and BC547 are used to derive the secondary output of around 5V (O/P2) from the main 5V supply (O/P1).</div>
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The working of this circuit is quite simple. When the 5V DC output from <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">voltage regulator</a> IC <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/fixed-voltage-regulators.html" target="_blank">7805</a> is available, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistor</a> BC547 conducts through <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/resistor.html" target="_blank">resistors</a> R1 and R3 and LED1. As a result, <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistor</a> SK100 conducts and short-circuit protected 5V DC output appears across O/P2 terminals. The green <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a> (LED2)  lows to indicate the same, while the red LED (LED1) remains off due to the presence of the same voltage at both of its ends.</div>
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When O/P2 terminals short, BC547 cuts off due to grounding of its base. As a result, SK100 is also cut-off. Thus during short-circuit, the green <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a> (LED2) turns off and the red <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/light-emitting-diodes-leds.html" target="_blank">LED</a> (LED1) glows. <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/11/capacitor.html" target="_blank">Capacitors</a> C2 and C3 across the main 5V output (O/P1) absorb the voltage fluctuations occurring due to short-circuit in O/P2, ensuring disturbance-free O/P1. The design of the circuit is refer to the relationship given below:</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">R<sub>B</sub> = (H<sub>FE</sub> * V<sub>S</sub>)
/ (1.3 * I<sub>L</sub>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">where,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">R</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">B</sub><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> = </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Base resistances of <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistors</a> of SK100 and BC547</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">H</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">FE</sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"> = 200 for SK100 and 350 for BC547</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">V</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">S</sub> = Switching Voltage</div>
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1.3 = Safety factor</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">I</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">L</sub> = Collector-emitter current of <a href="http://www.ecestream.com/2014/12/bipolar-junction-transistors-bjts.html" target="_blank">transistors</a></div>
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Build the circuit on a general purpose PCB and mount in a general circuit box. Connect O/P1 and O/P2 terminals on the front panel of the cabinet. Also connect the mains power cord to feed 230V AC to the transformer. Connect LED1 and LED2 for visual indication.</div>
</div>

5V DC Regulated Power Supply with Short Circuit Protection

Figure: 5vdc power supply circuit diagram featured short circuit protection This is the circuit diagram of 5V DC regulated power sup...

15 Volt DC Power Supply

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The schematic diagram of the power supply that provides output voltage of 15 volt at 0.500 A is shown in Figure 1. In this figure, a step-down transformer of 10:1 is used because it es readily available. The output of this transformer is then applied to the bridge rectifier, which convert the sinusoidal input into full-wave rectified output. The filter capacitors at the output of the bridge rectifiers are charged to the peak value of the rectified output voltage whenever the diodes are forward biased. Since the diodes are not fully biased  during the entire positive and negative half-cycle of the input waveform, the voltage across the capacitors  is a pulsating dc that is a combination of dc and a ripple voltage.</div>
From the pulsating dc voltage, a regulated dc voltage is extracted by a regulator IC.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi76d-8wEINntWSJS0x_z41Ahhn4homveTvdRC0oWlfAHG5pO-jVxp2y5o9mYOUcKwYViAwGt3ZNgs-2WApYLGQkfoOcSe7fpVAjn7stQchDNvTKTMaNHUUUd-Uk-ZhfOIYY_i82maYDbu/s1600/15V+DC+Power+Supply.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi76d-8wEINntWSJS0x_z41Ahhn4homveTvdRC0oWlfAHG5pO-jVxp2y5o9mYOUcKwYViAwGt3ZNgs-2WApYLGQkfoOcSe7fpVAjn7stQchDNvTKTMaNHUUUd-Uk-ZhfOIYY_i82maYDbu/s1600/15V+DC+Power+Supply.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<b>Parts Required</b><br />
T1 = Transformer (step-down)<br />
D1 = Diode (IN4007)<br />
D2 = Diode (IN4007)<br />
D3 = Diode (IN4007)<br />
D4 = Diode (IN4007)<br />
C1 = Capacitor (1500 uF)<br />
U1 = Voltage Regulator IC (LM7815)<br />
C2 = Capacotor (1 uF)<br />
<br />
<b>Input/Output Waveforms</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBojEJf32NojC2AsPkWhvHkKCP3PzlfJ8eIKdM617zBOOrA_1k-T_eRGxc_1zuj67XdQ8kuBLhDcSpYuDlX22xC4Jgs31FRxZ8ql8F8lctbiozJrv94AxhXU8yMm42iNC6VP0SmdFlp31/s1600/Oscilloscope+output.png" /></div>
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<br /></div>
In above diagram, <b><i>AC waveform is Input Waveform.</i></b><br />
<b><i>DC waveform is Output Waveform.</i></b></div>

15 Volt DC Power Supply

The schematic diagram of the power supply that provides output voltage of 15 volt at 0.500 A is shown in Figure 1. In this figure, a step-...

5V DC POWER SUPPLY

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This is a simple way to power some 5 V logic from a 240 V AC source. If a 120 V AC power adapter is used, the circuit will also work for 120 V AC power lines.</div>
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<b>Schematic</b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS8Fd0MmXlg2FhVWlRt5xb0Fl8QbsmxooAyktcov1oJovmprrYor6rnnAsAHWxjhL41Ta56RfEBfMb1yLciXGCioKPboPLIvl_d4c-sg2Yw4DoUzfcxXcZcsighwXqsHQhUKMQG2CB-0ax/s1600/power+supply.jpg" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Fig.  5 V Power Supply</i></b></td></tr>
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<b>Working</b></div>
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Here the step down transformer reduce the 240 V AC supply to 9 V AC. The main purpose of using diode is to rectify the AC supply (Converts AC to DC). Here 1 ampere diode bridge is used and it provide maximum 1 ampere of current. But the converted AC voltage into DC voltage is not pure DC voltage, it contains ripples. So to remove these ripples we need a filter. Here a 470 uF of capacitor is used. It would act as a filter and it provides smooth DC supply. In end section, <b>7805 voltage regulator</b> is used. Its main purpose is to regulate the DC supply (current and voltage) according to load connected.</div>
</div>

5V DC POWER SUPPLY

This is a simple way to power some 5 V logic from a 240 V AC source. If a 120 V AC power adapter is used, the circuit will also work for 1...

Stabilized Power Supply ( 3-30 V/2.5 A )

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This is a versatile power supply that will solve most of the supply problems arising in the everyday work of any electronics workshop. It covers a wide range of voltages being continuously variable from 30 V down to 3 V. The output current is 2.5 A maximum, more than enough for most applications. The circuit is completely stabilized even at the extremes of its output range and is fully protected against short-circuits and overloading.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Circuit Diagram</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Working</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The power supply is using a well known and quite popular <b>VOLTAGE STABILIZER IC</b> the <b>LM 723</b>. The IC can be adjusted for output voltages that vary continuously between 2 and 37 VDC and has a current rating of 150 mA which is of course too low for any serious use. In order to increase the current handling capacity of the circuit the output of the IC is used to drive a darlington pair formed by two power transistors the <b>BD135</b> and the <b>2N3055</b>. The use of the transistors to increase the maximum current output limits the range of output voltages somewhat and this is why the circuit has been designed to operate from 3 to 30 VDC. The resistor R5 that you see connected in series with the output of the supply is used for the protection of the circuit from overloading. If an excessively large current flows through R5, the voltage across it increases and any voltage greater than 0.3 V across it has as a result to cut the supply off, thus effectively protecting it from overloads. This protection feature is built in the LM723 and the voltage drop across R5 is sensed by the IC itself between pins 2 and 3. At the same time the IC is continuously comparing the output voltage to its internal reference and if the difference exceeds the designer’s standards it corrects it automatically. This ensures great stability under different loads. The potentiometer P1 is used to adjust the out put voltage at the desired level. If the full range from 3 to 30 V is desired then you should use a mains transformer with a secondary winding having a rating of at least 24 V/3 A. If the maxi mum voltage output is not desired you can of course use a transformer with a lower secondary voltage output. (However, once rectified the voltage across the capacitor C2 should exceed by 4-5 volts the maximum output expected from the circuit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Parts List</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<o:p><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Resistors</span></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> R1</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 560R / 0.25 W</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> R2</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 1.2 K / 0.25 W</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> R3</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 3.9 K / 0.25 W</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> R4</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 15 K / 0.25 W</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> R5</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 0.15R / 5 W</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <b>Capacitors</b></span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> C1</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 100 nF</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> C2</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 2200 uF / 35-40 V</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> C3</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 100 pF</span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> C4</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 100 uF / 35 V</span></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 19.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>Miscellaneous</b></span></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> D1</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> B40 C3300/2200, 3A Rectifier Bridge</span></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 19.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.9pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> P1</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 10K Potentiometer</span></o:p></div>
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 </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.9pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> TR1</span></o:p></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> BD135</span></o:p></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.9pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> TR2</span></o:p></div>
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 2N2055</span></o:p></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.9pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> IC</span></o:p></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.1pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> LM723</span></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>BD 135</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQNdWfRuGvKJEtAbJKn4EDRkmj5yUVVe291hHg3TYs-XtmQ8C-uVNrof0iHHxohviodmX_Bb_5iLL7g9ffqGht_5xlqTkXiRcJQGha_ovkhVy3md-EiHV_TyLcXKMnYSvvqP8g_ldeLoro/s1600/bd135.gif" width="200" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>2N3055</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjVwJXQ_v2w2e4U-UmdRthBwKArp5yXMTlm5YswaozS3PZERF8Z6QWsuQrTBO1AOIyB31jEvvB36xDmggLLW_k0Z2xreAs_L2_8if0s4ndkfYSbawbT39MOorVYFQyi2JQbJMLSDOEpPW/s1600/2n3055.gif" width="200" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>LM723</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeePeJiq560kfA70-DHsRhyphenhyphenf8_be5bbvowNwLnPCsH9TnwzHp540MKcJXMv3szUdJFAihFYk6owhkt-J0BZ7ahE2tZHprMIQzWg9c4A434m8LJqUF8QXgKovQGk0oB0I8MxgoqHFSxtc03/s1600/LM723.jpg" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>

Stabilized Power Supply ( 3-30 V/2.5 A )

This is a versatile power supply that will solve most of the supply problems arising in the everyday work of any electronics workshop. I...

Inverter Circuit ( 100 Watt )

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Inverter is a small circuit which will convert the direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The power of a battery is converted in to’ main voltages’ or AC power. This power can be used for electronic appliances like television, mobile phones, computer etc. the main function of the inverter is to convert DC to AC and step-up transformer is used to create main voltages from resulting AC.</div>
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<b>Block Diagram of Inverter</b></div>
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<img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEzHID-S5h_uqfltp3NZATyzJ3-soc0Dx-uXAkmFXByI_putSe9jdkJyBB9Ihn0X8ZhDpHW4McBKwSwsgNWUDga8B_5pxM44PCcX3PCqVzXF8aQvK_1-iCHV60986sIBu0ZWqizYkjA_EB/s1600/Block-Diagram-of-100W_Inverter.png" width="640" /></div>
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In the block diagram battery supply is given to the MOSFET driver where it will convert DC to AC and the resulting AC is given to the step up transformer from the step up transformer we will the get the original voltage.</div>
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<b>Main Components</b></div>
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<b>CD4047:</b> CD4047 is a multi vibrator with very low power consumption designed by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.it can operate in monostable multivibrator and also astable multivibrator.in the astable multivibrator mode it can operate in free running or gatable modes and also provides good astable frequency stability. It can generate 50% duty cycle which will create a pulse, which can be applied for inverter circuit. This is mainly used in frequency discriminators, timing circuits frequency divisions etc.</div>
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<b>IRF540:</b> IRF540 is a N-channel enhanced mode silicon gate field effect transistor (MOSFET).they are mainly used in switching regulators, switching converters relay drivers etc. the reason for using them in the INVERTER circuit is the because it is a high switching transistor , can work in very low gate drive power and have high input impedance.</div>
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<b>IRF540 Symbol</b></div>
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUP9EwWESfN2btHmNfmWQjNbdN1Ycr5esASAjm1z61LY1FbT4knbb2piJjJUS9jfsNCVqt5tNH3UO5CvcCnz__1273fcEVhmQ6sFpG1GIrYNNTxhNDsgCxkT0MwaGAs5fsqo8XosybgR9J/s1600/IRF540-Symbol.png" /></div>
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<b>Circuit Diagram</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-U7jSJMpaFvJc5DfY1DAyC0th8FVMrtSYwycKM1vx6HbCpqrq_XyPWIyFmQFVDU1ZP4VvMwz53E8tJgwh5DRERyw7VI-gNnN7EmubdmSS0MwS6SMTfiq0-PpjK_RalYWTsyhsIq6bhZqV/s1600/Simple-100W-Inverter-Circuit-Diagram.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-U7jSJMpaFvJc5DfY1DAyC0th8FVMrtSYwycKM1vx6HbCpqrq_XyPWIyFmQFVDU1ZP4VvMwz53E8tJgwh5DRERyw7VI-gNnN7EmubdmSS0MwS6SMTfiq0-PpjK_RalYWTsyhsIq6bhZqV/s1600/Simple-100W-Inverter-Circuit-Diagram.png" /></a></div>
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<b>Explanation</b></div>
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In the circuit diagram we can observe that 12V battery is connecter to the diode LED and also connected to the pin8 of the IC 4047 which is VCC or power supply pin and also to pin 4 and 5 which are astable and  complement astable of  the IC. Diode in the circuit will help not give any reverse current, LED will work as a indicator to the battery is working or not. </div>
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<b>IC CD4047</b> will work in the <b>astable multivibrator mode</b>. To work it in astable multivibrator mode we need an external capacitor which should be connected between the pin1 and pin3. Pin2 is connected by the resistor and a variable resistor to change the change the output frequency of the IC. Remaining pins are grounded .The pins 10 and 11 are connected to the gate of the <b>mosfets IRF540</b>. The pin 10 and 11 are Q and ~Q from these pins the output frequencies is generated with 50% duty cycle. </div>
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The output frequency is connected to the mosfets through resistor which will help to prevent to the loading of the mosfets. The main AC current is generated by the two mosfets which will act as a two electronic switches. The battery current is made to flow upper half or positive half of the primary coil of transformer through Q1 this is done when the pin 10 becomes high and lower half or negative half is done by opposite current flow through the primary coil of transformer, this is done when pin 11 is high. By switching the two mosfets current is generated. </div>
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This AC is given to the step up transformer of the secondary coil from this coil only we will get the increased AC voltage , this AC voltage is so high; from step up transformer we will get the max voltage. Zener diode will help avoid the reverse current. </div>
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<b><i>NOTE:</i></b> The generated AC is not equal to the normal AC mains or house hold current. You cannot use this voltage for pure electric appliances like heater, electric cooker etc. Because of the fast switching of mosfets heat is dissipated which will effect the efficiency, use heat sink to remove this problem.</div>
</div>

Inverter Circuit ( 100 Watt )

Inverter is a small circuit which will convert the direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The power of a battery is converted in...

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