The nature of the p-n junction is that it will conduct current in the forward direction but not in the reverse direction. It is therefore a basic tool for rectification in the building of DC power supplies.
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Forward Biased P-N Junction
Forward biasing the p-n junction drives holes to the junction from the p-type material and electrons to the junction from the n-type material. At the junction the electrons and holes combine so that a continuous current can be maintained.
Reverse Biased P-N Junction
The application of a reverse voltage to the p-n junction will cause a transient current to flow as both electrons and holes are pulled away from the junction. When the potential formed by the widened depletion layer equals the applied voltage, the current will cease except for the small thermal current.
The P-N Junction Diode Characteristics
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